The Effect Of The Aqueous Extract Of Kohautia Grandiflora On Paracetamol Induced Liver Damage In Albino Rats

Summary: This study was carried out to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of the aqueous extract of Kohautia grandiflora on paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in rats. A total of 20 albino rats of the Wister strain weighing 120-180g were used for the study. The animals were divided into 4 groups of 5-rats each (I-IV). Groups I, II and III served as the normal, paracetamol and plant extract controls and were administered with normal saline, 500mgkg-1 of paracetamol and 300mg/kg of the plant extract respectively for 7 days while rats in group IV served as the treatment group and were pre-treated with 300mg/kg of the plant extract respectively for 7 days before 500mg/kg of paracetamol was administered on the 8th day. At the end of the experimental period, blood was obtained from eachrat for the determination of serum levels of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin and bilirubin. Biochemical analysis of the serum obtained showed a significantincrease (

Effect of the aqueous extract of Psidium guajava on erythromycin-induced liver damage in rats

The effect of Psidium guajava extract on erythromycin-induced liver damage in albino rats was investigated using 30 normal rats grouped into six . Group I and II served as the normal and treatment controls that were administered with normal saline and 100mg/kg body weight of erythromycin stearate daily for 14 days respectively. Rats in group III were administered 450mg/kg body weight of Psidium guajava only for 7 days while rats in groups IV, V and VI were administered Psidium guajava extract for 7 days and 100mg/kg body weight of erythromycin for 14 days. Histopathological investigation of the liver tissues revealed striking oedema and mild periportal mononuclear cell infiltration of hepatic cords in the liver of rats administered 100 mg/kg of erythromycin stearate and 300/450 mg/kg of Psidium guajava extract. Pretreatment with 150 mg/kg of Psidium guajava extract showed a slight degree of protection against the induced hepatic injury caused by 100 mg/kg of erythromycin stearate. Biochemical analysis of the serum obtained revealed a significant increase in serum levels of hepatic enzymes measured in the groups administered with 100 mg/kg of erythromycin stearate and 300/450 mg/kg of Psidium guajava extract compared to the control groups and those pretreated with 150 mg/kg of Psidium guajava extract. This study has shown that the aqueous extract of psidium guajava leaf possesses hepatoprotective property at lower dose and a hepatotoxic property at higher dose but further studies with prolonged duration is recommended.Key words: Psidium guajava, liver, liver enzymes, histolog

Challenges of Utilizing Library Resources by Students in College of Education, Agbor

This study examine the challenges of utilizing college library resources by the students in college of education, Agbor. In carrying out this study four research questions were posed. The study sample population comprised 1,325 (2016/2017) registered users of the library. The instrument used for data collection in this study was questionnaire. Research questions were answered using frequency count and percentages. Findings reveals that 68% were female while 32% were male. Textbooks topped the highest consulted materials 99%; follows by theses/ dissertations 92%, journals 73% and reference materials 68%, computers 67%, newspapers/magazines 52% among others. Major challenges encountered were lack of internet facility, insufficient professional librarians, inadequate funding, lack of photocopying services, inadequate relevant materials, inadequate functional ICT facilities, lack of user’s education, unconducive state of the library, lack of awareness of the library resources, poor state of library collections and poor reading environment. Recommendations were made such as administration must sure that the least require for academic libraries should be adhered to; Management should provide funds and committee should be enact to oversee the uses of the funds for the major purpose, more professional librarians should be employ for effective and efficiency service delivery, authority should provide photocopying machine within the library environment to facilitate effective service delivery, Internet should be provided among others

A Survey on the Path Computation Element (PCE) Architecture

Quality of Service-enabled applications and services rely on Traffic Engineering-based (TE) Label Switched Paths (LSP) established in core networks and controlled by the GMPLS control plane. Path computation process is crucial to achieve the desired TE objective. Its actual effectiveness depends on a number of factors. Mechanisms utilized to update topology and TE information, as well as the latency between path computation and resource reservation, which is typically distributed, may affect path computation efficiency. Moreover, TE visibility is limited in many network scenarios, such as multi-layer, multi-domain and multi-carrier networks, and it may negatively impact resource utilization. The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has promoted the Path Computation Element (PCE) architecture, proposing a dedicated network entity devoted to path computation process. The PCE represents a flexible instrument to overcome visibility and distributed provisioning inefficiencies. Communications between path computation clients (PCC) and PCEs, realized through the PCE Protocol (PCEP), also enable inter-PCE communications offering an attractive way to perform TE-based path computation among cooperating PCEs in multi-layer/domain scenarios, while preserving scalability and confidentiality. This survey presents the state-of-the-art on the PCE architecture for GMPLS-controlled networks carried out by research and standardization community. In this work, packet (i.e., MPLS-TE and MPLS-TP) and wavelength/spectrum (i.e., WSON and SSON) switching capabilities are the considered technological platforms, in which the PCE is shown to achieve a number of evident benefits

Evaluation of the fourth ventricles of adults in North-eastern Nigerians using computerize tomographic images

Knowledge of anatomy of the fourth ventricle and the structures around it, is significant in sex determination, surgical operations and brain disorders. Accurate measurements of the fourth ventricle are needful in evaluating brain disorders and in decision making before any neurosurgical procedures. Objective: To determine the dimensions of the apparently normal fourth ventricles and compare the parameters among males and females with a view to providing baseline data. Method: Retrospective study was carried out on brain CT images. Six hundred (600) brain CT images of adult North-eastern Nigerians (350 males and 250 females) were measured. The age range for the individuals was 18-75years. The brain CT images for males and females were classified separately into six (6) age groups spanned eight (8) years interval. Measurements were done using Dicomworks software. The software provides a meter rule with which measurements were done, based on a standard method. Greatest height of fourth ventricle was measured from the roof and floor of the fourth ventricle while the width measured at the midpoint of the ventricle. Results: The height of the fourth ventricle was larger in males (9.95 mm ± 1.04) as compared to females (8.38 mm ± 1.69). The width of the fourth ventricle was also observed to be greater in males (12.95 mm ±1.29) than in females (11.67 mm ±1.45). Thus, the difference between the lengths and widths of the fourth ventricles were higher and statistically significant (p<0.05) among males and females. Conclusion: The present study concludes that the parameters of the 4th ventricle measured were sexually dimorphic and can be used in sex determination in the sample population. This study also has provided reference point for the normal values of the length and width of the fourth ventricle in male and female Nigerians

Orchestrating Lightpath Adaptation and Flexible Functional Split to Recover Virtualized RAN Connectivity

This study shows that a two-step recovery scheme orchestrating lightpath transmission adaptation and evolved NodeB (eNB) functional split reconfiguration preserves the Virtualized RAN fronthaul connectivity even when network capacity is scarce.This work has been partially funded by the EU H2020 “5G-Transformer” Project (grant no. 761536

Orchestrating Lightpath Recovery and Flexible Functional Split to Preserve Virtualized RAN Connectivity

In the next-generation radio access network (NG RAN), the next-generation evolved NodeBs (gNBs) will be, likely, split into virtualized central units (CUs) and distributed units (DUs) interconnected by a fronthaul network. Because of fronthaul latency and capacity requirements, optical metro-ring networks are among the main candidates for supporting converged 5G and non-5G services. In this scenario, a degradation in the quality of transmission of the lightpaths connecting DU and CU can be revealed (or anticipated) based on monitoring techniques. Thus, the lightpath transmission parameters can be adapted to maintain the required bit error rate (BER). However, in specific cases, the original requested capacity between DU and CU could be not guaranteed, thus impacting the service. In this case, another DU–CU connectivity should be considered, relying on a change of the so-called functional split. This study proposes a two-step recovery scheme orchestrating lightpath transmission adaptation and functional split reconfiguration to guarantee the requested connectivity in a virtualized RAN fronthaul. Results show that, for the connections that cannot be transported by the original lightpath, a graceful degradation followed by a recovery is possible within tens of seconds.This work was partly funded by the project H2020-ICT-2016-2 “5G-TRANSFORMER” (761536